"There was this poorly nourished kid; he woke up again for the nth time hungry. He was awaiting for his father who he knew just went out to find him food...it has been days now. He fell asleep again and in his dream...there he saw a woman carrying an infant in her weak forearm ... With eyes almost crying just as if she was begging for water for the dehydrated infant in her falling arms. The little infant, wrapped in a dirty thin linen, had very thin limbs partly exposed to the humid caressing winds, dark skinned, dry open mouth... flies occasionally land on the infant's cracking lips...
This dreaming malnourished kid was moved .... Grasped her plastic bowl still with some water ...stretched his arms to the teary eyed woman ... He was actually offering her his last can of water... Before the woman could reach the water ...he fell asleep within his dream ....this time it was different. He woke up and he somehow was not hungry. He did not realize he died.
Now the next scenes are mixed with a story that I can not recall where I got. As this malnourished boy in the above story was taken with the winds...he saw kids with a different skin color, accompanied by healthy adult women trying to celebrate the ceremonious opening of a small drinking well which was actually funded by a teen-aged boy who traveled from afar now standing there. This donor boy actually worked and earned a few hundred dollars in his home country ....within his community... practicing all the life , organizational, selling, planning and orchestration skills he has at a young age ...after having been inspired and moved by what he saw on television one day. I can not recall the details where I read something that narrates this but somehow these pictures got stuck on my memory.
I see genuine human values of Love, Charity, Compassion, Fortitude, Justice and Order in both kids ... both gave everything they had... They are not in the "crawling stage" as we would think...
The first scenario may not happen everyday ...but the second scenario ...which is more complex ...actually did happen.... I hope this can inspire some of us..."
Crawl Stage
Below is a rough list. The final format may be a questionnaire form that can be tallied and analyzed to roughly point where one is among the different stages. The ideas may describe the time when we were more dependent. It may be a period when we can not support a lifestyle. This may be analogous to a situation when we ride a one-wheeled vehicle. Looks pretty risky.
Emotions
You need support to keep you alive, breathing, stable and happy.
Your greatest fear is not having enough financial support/salary /resources/ energy.
You cling to job security or a position of borrowed/delegated power. You may feel you're on top of the world when you eventually get it. You may feel you have all the time in the world.
You are willing and open to work/think harder for longer hours in return for more salary, energy or power.
Feelings of desperation, insecurity, paranoia and doubts may haunt you … especially if you have no job and no liberating skills.
You long for independence and self sufficiency.
You are very sensitive to rejection. You feel anxious that people may not reciprocate the feeling. This may or may not paralyze you.
You invest much time and energy with feelings and yearnings of getting someone to cling on to. You over-analyze people ...maybe to the extreme. The innocent actions of others may appear threatening or often misinterpreted.
If the other person provides care, security and reassurance, you feel calm.
You may be the type who can make commitments without much thought.
Goals
These are your primary goals.
You want a better incentive/fee/salary/compensation/education as soon as possible. You wish you had a better job.
You may want to further improve your professional skills as this would equate to a better job. You value a good scholastic/professional education.
You want a real friend.
You have to live with a guardian or parents.
You want a real friend.
You have to live with a guardian or parents.
You want to wean off your dependence on others.
If you may have any serious dream at all, you dream of someone to really take care of you or ... more money/power because you believe it will answer all or most of your problems.
Assets
You have no emergency fund.
You do not keep a separate account for future investments.
You never personally bought yourself a house or car which you believe can be your greatest assets.
You have no permanent address.
You may be living with your family or friends.
You do not have insurance and you may think it is unnecessary.
You borrow money and other tangible assets.
Still building your intangible assets.
There is lack of balance and harmony.
You receive more than you give.
Poor input and output controls or focus and restraint sometimes to the point of abusing others.
Lacking in courage/fortitude
Love, charity and compassion in the form of social smiles, hugs, kisses, embraces.
Skills
These are your present skills.
You may have good to excellent vocational/professional skills.
Your financial skills are very poor.
You may not have any leadership skills.
Poor planning and asset management skills.
You have a loose financial plan.
You do not keep track of your spending habits.
Adding, reading and analyzing numbers may not interest you much. You have no time counting your daily/weekly/monthly expenses. You think it is a waste of time.
You may have all the skills above but you tend to take advantage of everything and everyone you can get your hands on
You don't think much about your own safety or others safety.
Some may mostly be concerned about their own life that smearing it apparently ends everything. Some may be suicidal just to keep your image untarnished.
You know that life exists but you can not really support life.
Poor bidirectional communication skills. If ever you are good in communications, it is one way and linear.
Asset flow pattern
Your asset flow pattern follows those of the poor. Relatively, you spend (a lot) more than you earn OR you just can not produce (by yourself) enough to satisfy your basic needs.
You may be deep in "bad debt".
Your lifestyle is bare and basic.
Your basic needs are being handled or nearly covered by allowance or "baon" or credit or alimony or pensions. No significant assets you earned by your own sweat ...some may be getting support from tax money contributed by other people (with or without their permission), or support from parents. Some may be emotional vampires (if we talk of the intangibles)
No substantial savings.
You will do anything and everything to source out power/energy/physical needs with or without permission. May exhibit childish or adult type tantrums if deprived.
Team
You get support and advice from this team:
The only advisers you have are your immediate family and a handful of friends (if you have any).
No personal assistants/secretaries. You think they are totally unnecessary.
Recommended extra-curricular activities:
See comments section later...
Restraint or Temperance is probably the most difficult Human Value to develop during the early childhood to early adolescence. This is because the growing child's input and output control skills are still underdeveloped... and that is the way it's going to stay until maybe around 5 to 17 years old...yes it's a wide age range...try to assess your kid when he can already think, process or reason with you. And maybe when it arrives, that may be the perfect time for him as an individual to understand negative reinforcement... otherwise it will be useless and unnecessary to introduce physical or psychological punishment at too early an age.
ReplyDeleteI wrote "17 years old"... not an exaggeration at all... anyone could easily reconize very poor input and output control skills being rampant in many adults we see on the center-stage of religion, entertainment, and the like. Now we don't wanna compare ourselves with animals like the herons... their capabilities might just surpass the average traditional politician...
Yes, as a specie, we do need to regain Restraint or Temperance more than any other herd or ancient tribe in our aging planet...
Everyone goes through the crawl stage maybe from a newborn through adolescence... a rough list.. not yet complete.. not a bad thing at all to experience the ups and downs of the stage... what is really bad is if we stagnate in that phase through adulthood. I will post several recommendations for people still at this stage through upcoming comments below...I can not list everything coz it's a big subject... My notes are all written in a draft which was suppose to be transformed into a book project but is currently on hold... so bare with me
ReplyDeletetry reading while you interpret money or financial stuff as intangible assets or values...you'll get the point. Our world is not all about money. We can do away with it if we all decide to dump it (together with oil and "drugs")... we do it slowly... so as not to shock those addicted to it.
ReplyDeleterough management skills and strategies using farmville, citiville types of games... later to be developed into real world management skills.
ReplyDeleteAs with many things we now know, we need not try to control another individual... The very mere fact that we force a lot of academic stuff in young kids before the age when they have supposedly fixed their own input-output control skills ... tells us much about our impatient educational system that is apparently trying to mass produce intelligent graduates/employee minds in shorter periods of time .... But it may have been partly causing this lack of output control or impulsivity in many adults of today... Yes many of us are too impulsive for our age... Many can not delay gratification...many become self-centered... Many have failed to master output control we should have done early in life... Instead many want to break free from too much pressure during early school days...which was carried through college days... producing people who are perfect energizer monkeys who couldn't wait for their chance to rest and land in a lifestyle for kings! funny but that is how I felt...
ReplyDeletebut what if learning students are allowed time for thinking... contemplation... reasoning... philosophizing...analyzing...giving them enough breaks that they would long to study instead of the other way around?...fostering a culture of seriously planned or premeditated service-to-all ... instead of a culture racing to satisfy the cravings of the perennially pushed, pulled, dragged, repressed or denied self in the least possible time.
I think we should let "play years" be real "play only years" for our young kids...
And let school years be real school years .... The only time when they begin to immerse themselves in formal academic pursuits. Of course some kids are faster than others. ..cases where we should ask permission from them if they want to take advanced lessons... not forcing them... without informed consents so as to avoid possible unwanted effects we see all around and with nearly everyone ...
Let me recommend some stuff/activities to teach our kids ...
ReplyDeleteTeach the kid Love through hugs, kisses, greetings... find time... make it a routine..but make it heartfelt every single time even if you are in a rush...
Show Charity and Compassion through sharing ... Show him how to give out old toys and clothes... give him the idea that owning things are really temporary and that we would later in life have to give everything away for others to use...much later charity can also be (in the adult) in the form of ... regular blood/potential organ donations in adults...sharing (that involves "dole outs" is later transformed to cooperation and interdependence
Early forms of communication like smiles, eye contact, soothing sounds/touch, routing reflex and gestures for the infant, ... Later develop language focusing on choice of tactful words/sentences
ReplyDeleteIncalcate Values through movies, poems, and plays (or novels, short stories, stage shows if you're a lot older)
Let the child learn harmony, balance and maybe justice from nature ...With or without a capable parent/mentor... The child can learn much from nature... It is advisable to not let your child miss the opportunity of having fun-filled memories with nature... Give him the chance of regular exposure to the natural habitats... Expose him to grass fields, shallow ponds, small streams... Plants, animals, stars can teach him a lot subconsciously.
If he is ready, let him keep a pet... A bird, small guinea pig, puppy, fish, cat, etc....for the older kid,, a more complex excercise/activity/hobby would be to keep an acquarium... activities where many factors are taken into account/monitored, many values are learned, many things are enjoyed... also try building self responsibility by allowing temporary ownership of toys, clothes, shoes, room, etc
Introduce safety and risk management.... Get him flash cards of what are dangerous tools, appliances, house fixtures, matches, hot surfaces, pointed objects, protective gears, scooters, bikes, skateboards, cars, planes, trains, etc...Teach a little about first aid and Hands only CPR especially for the more grown up ones
Activities mentioned above (and in this comment) has something to do with early lessons to develop the Value of Order and perhaps Justice.... very few suggestions...I hope others can share more...
ReplyDeleteHelp kids understand how to segregate and classify.... if your kid is the abstract type of thinker... sharpen his focus by letting him listen to music from solo instruments initially...then later expose her to orchestral music.. you may or may not tell her to focus on single instruments and/or focus on two instruments...and/or listen to all the instruments she could detect...she might know what to do if you leave her alone...but on second thought, that would need a good sound system I think so we could skip buying a good sound system if we don't have budget...hahaha..but maybe simple music players can also effectively do the trick... go to classical music concerts instead...another type of mind is the visual mind..one way to develop her attention in case she has this type of thinking process predominating is to use pictures and paintings..let her focus on similar colors..on similar shapes and patterns...textures..let her see everything in totality...these shall help kids with problems on focus and attention not easily taught in formal classrooms... and of course those regular kids can segregate and classify things in the house, let them keep their toys, clothes and bed tidy
Encourage day dreaming. ... Talk about the nice dream and brainstorm how you can make the first steps of making it come true....let her figure things out on her own... play games like you give her an object then both of you invent other uses of that object aside from its conventional use/function... these will inculcate resourcefulness and problem-solving skills
Problem solving may be done early through puzzles, lego play, basic shapes and colors that they do in formal schools, etc, ...
Asset management through piggy banking, planning what to do with the saved money..avoid consumerism or materialism...
ReplyDeleteProject management through learning magic games...or learning how to cook... or more serious stuff later... initially by asking what she wants to achieve and by what time she wants it completed, making lists of needed resource or requirements or ingredients or checklists, workflow skills by asking what steps are needed to complete the project in mind, recording on her journals, help her develop delegation skills by asking who she thinks can help her with stuff that she can not do alone (by herself)... teach evaluation skills by asking how effective were her methods.
Time management through numbers, then time telling,... not being late in school, scheduling meals-play-homework... precursors of time management skills in the adult.
Some time..give your toddler a bunch of small pictures... organize them into characters...personify non-living objects if needed...stick or paste them into pages creating scenes... in a journal and notebook.. let her write the imagined conversations adjacent to the pasted pictures or below them...let her write it down...one page at a time...sometimes pages becoming related and one a consequence of the other...it becomes a story...this should let her reveal the creative thoughts she might be hiding...this may also help her organize herself...for by learning to write a story like that...she may easily be able to write her own story....the story of her life that she unfolds in the future... we are the authors of our lives...take the car and steer it to where you want it to go... don't try to find someone else to steer it for you at the same time you fish for good mentoring or guidance...
ReplyDeleteif your kid wants to watch a spider spinning her web...watching the spider for hours..let her watch it... she may see how the spider spins the major support cris-crossing like pizza slices at first....looking like a spoke without the rim....then the spider creates the rim at the periphery... with great natural engineering and calculation... he then leaves a trail of continuous string of web in concentric circles going from outer to inner until she reaches her center target...bull's eye!... there she waits for her prey... kid watching that could learn a lot of things she can never learn from the best preschool teacher anywhere... pure simple logical planning and organizational skills... from your friendly neighborhood spidy man hahaha ..s seriosly just expose your kids to nature...shes one of the best teachers around aside from our selves....seriously my dear catwoman
ReplyDeleteby the way..I keep coming back to the crawl stage when I stop trying my best.
ReplyDeleteat 3 to 5 years of age... do the marshmallow challenge or marshmallow test on your toddler to help her delay gratification. Google it for examples. Now try it for other things (other than marshmallows) that your toddlers are striving to get... They will love you for it when they grow older and began to realize what you have done to help them control their wild urges. This is all about enabling them to attain Attention Control
ReplyDeleteRead more details about attention control in the run stage...also under teh comments section below... but you ask why put it under the run stage? the walk stage is where complacent people stay...writing about all these in there will let it fall on deaf ears, blind eyes and mute tongues... their thoughts may be agreeing but their Heart and skills are weak...read about the walk stage and then try to get passed it quickly...quickly quickly! Have fun!
ReplyDeleteVoice control 101
ReplyDeleteDemonstrate voice volume saying your kid's name very softly like a whisper and gesturing with your hand like a puppet held closely near your smiling mouth. Tell her that corresponds to volume "1" in a scale from 1 to 10. Moderate volume as maybe labelled "5" while shouting volume as "10". Explain that to your kid and play the Voice game.
Play the voice game often when the kid needs to be distracted. After a while, your kid will know that she needs to change her voice tone or volume when you utter her name at a certain volume.
No means No
Say "No" firmly with appropriate facial expression. Do not smile. No poker faces. Show a disappointed facial expression. Accompany it with appropriate gestures. Express love openly when she responds positively. Turn away and leave if she doesn't.
Negotiate with Your young child. Use verbal contracts
To a crying child, distract her by telling stories, reading a nice book, playing with an ordinary household object.
If that was not effective, tell her that you will give what she wants under certain conditions. Invent one that would teach her other stuff. Keep your promise as you have agreed if she responds favorably.
If she does not? Tell her you will leave and come back if she will stop crying. So just leave her alone and let her feel the anxiety that follows if she does not do her mission to become more socially acceptable.
Do that consistently. Be true to your words if she responds positively rewarding her with what you agreed upon plus a bonus of hugs and kisses.
Tickle as anxiety-inducing negative reinforcement
Do not spank her just yet. Try tickling hear to death as an alternative punishment of sorts. Be reminded that infants, children and adolescents may not have fully grown up their brains' wirings for attention control to be actually capable of avoiding impulsivity and lack of control.
If you have a kid who is especially talented and good and performs well, Let her enjoy the usual rewards ... but here's a secret, whisper in her ear that she can do a lot more when she grows up... but for now just let her play and enjoy the ride of childhood.
ReplyDeleteFailure to create that image in her Heart may lead to a lack of confidence when she suddenly does not receive those precious childhood rewards she has had. Just imprint the idea that when she grows up to be like mom and dad, she can be able to do more to the surprise and delight of people she Loves.
Yes of course...whisper the same to frustrated children. Give them another chance some other time.
If the kid is even smarter, even the most discouraging idea will do wonders. But this is a very rare occasion and is almost accidental. It should never be done intentionally. Good if you are blessed with such a kiddo...
Scheduling Control
ReplyDeletePrioritize the tasks that need to be completed at once.
With so many good options, you can not finish all the tasks at the same time. The brain and hands can only handle so much. When that arises, the person must mentally judge within a split of a second which task needs immediate attention and focus. He must allocate time for the task to be completed relative to other simultaneous tasks.
For kids, just expose them to nature...or if indoors, just expose them to music. Let their minds figure out what to do.
For school age kids, continue with exposure to nature. You may also give them moderately complex tasks and let them learn by trial and error. Let them work in groups to develop colaboration and team work.
For adults, enter into community projects, hobbies or other endeavors.
Sequence Control
Some obstacles may not be solved with one swooping motion. Sometimes it would be more strategic to pace yourself and implement your solution in steps or phases. Identify the first steps, middle steps and final steps ....find the best combination of steps to answer the problem efficiently.
For infants, let them learn proper sequencing of the alphabet or numbers.
For older children or adolescents, let them learn simple tasks that involves a few steps like how to prepare food, first aid, basic life support, or any basic household chores.
For adults, any special group, community or larger projects will be sufficient. Make sure you are involved in making the methodology or steps.
Multitasking, Evaluation, Hindsight and maybe others are discussed in the comments section under the run stage.
ReplyDeleteDuring the newborn period, infancy, early childhood, help the child establish a good sleep wake cycle. This will ensure proper brain development and good attention control development as well. A sleepy child will obviously have problems with focus and concentration. It will also have other unseen effects on the developing brain as well as the heart. It has been recently found by scientists that sleeping hours a lot less or a lot more than 7 hours a day in adults may lead to heart problems such as angina (chest pain) and other more serious cardiovascular disease. So we better try to be on the safe side.
ReplyDeleteAttention Control
ReplyDelete"Not carefully paying attention would result to a huge attention debt that we must now all begin to seriously settle collectively." - Al Cal
As we all live our lives, we learn many things over the years. Learning can be easy. But sometimes, some of us may find it difficult because we have trouble paying attention. Attention includes our ability to listen and our ability to focus. It also include abilities to fit new ideas with old ones kept in memory. Attention is also involved in our actions to solve problems and to accomplish complex tasks.
There is goodness in everyone. We all have the empathy neurons or mirror neurons in our brains that allow us to feel the pain and pleasure that others may be experiencing. But the attention of many are still trapped in materialism, consumerism, physical accomplishments, etc rather than intangible treasures that will stay with us for as long as we live. It is just that we fail to pay attention to our surroundings so we can act accordingly.
Attention control is a job we should have completed during school age. This is a time when the brain is suppose to establish its executive attention controls mostly under higher brain functions. If fight and flight automatic responses are controlled by the brainstem, higher brain functions that include complex processes are handled by the supratentorial or upper brain.
Shifting our attention by first disengaging from one stimulus, moving focus and then engaging another stimulus are handled by different parts of the brain. Our attention may be greatly influenced by bias, perspective, focus and time allocation. Attention may also be influenced by foresight, problem-solution filter, scheduling/pacing, sequencing, resource enumeration, evaluation, and hindsight.
These skills are products of Values such as Love and others that include Hope, Prudence, Restraint, Justice and Order.
Poor attention control results to inaccurate perceptions, impulsivity, or consequent avoidant or antisocial behaviors that distract us from attending to our real Needs.
Skills important in the crawl stage
ReplyDeleteThe child needs to learn how to develop unwritten and written language
Breaking down language development into its prerscursors may help us boost the child's skill development in this area.
Language is a requirement in developing social skills.
Begin with letters, then syllables, then words, then phrases, then sentences, paragraphs, and short compositions. Learn how to read and write.
NEWLY ADDED ... "As a young child, you may have been trying to develop your convincing power when you wanted to get things you want maybe like getting milk. You try all sorts of strategies like smiling, reaching out, shouting or crying which may be primitive tools for negotiation.
In the advanced stages maybe beginning on the running stage, you may have to develop grant writing skills and further develop negotiating skills."
SOCIAL SKILLS
Language is a requirement in developing social skills. Begin with the instinctive social smile. Then develop this to incorporate into negotiating skills.
NEGOTIATING SKILLS
From its very primitive forms during the infancy and childhood stages, this may be developed by the older child when he discovers that he can easily get things he wants if he could find out what the other party wants in return for whatever it is he wants. He can then find so many different ways of delivering the exchange.
FOCUS, DRIVE AND PASSION
The child should learn how to express himself at a very early stage. He must develop a long attention span and special ability to focus. He then can develop a passion to satisfy a need. His needs as well as the need of others.
He must be taught that it is perfectly ok to have an ambition or to have a dream.. and to dream big ... But it must be followed up by empowerment to make those dreams a reality by learning how to make the smaller steps to make things happen. He must learn how and where to focus. He must realize what he needs to make small steps and big dreams come true to go beyond ambition. Yes he must attain the skills needed to eventually turn his wishful unskilled ambition to become a strongly driven and highly skilled compassion seen in genuine charity and love.
The imperfect child may be weak in certain areas regardless if it can or can not be detected by himself, his guardians or any professional evaluator or neurodevelopmental function examiner. If indeed a weakness is identified, something must be done to encourage the child to develop himself to strengthen or compensate for such weakness. If the child manifests a certain preference and becomes good at it, his teachers including the parents must find a way to inject activities which will indirectly strengthen his weak areas by developing them in an area where he is strong. If the child develops a bias against it, then it must be cloaked and must be presented in such a way that he will eventually develop it indirectly via a conscious compromise or otherwise the parents and teachers must find other creative ways around it. Remember that a neurodevelopmental handicap may be rehabilitated to a level that is nearly at par with what the present culture had set as socially acceptable.
ReplyDeleteThe ability to assign a purpose into objects may be of help. Determining an objects function or purpose may be quite a challenge for the kid. He must be given the free hand to discover it. I can now see the value of shapes and color association in many kids toys as well as the value of jigsaw puzzles and gears.
Let your kids tinker with toys so that he would be more familiar with tinkering with human organizations and business structures in the future.
Causal relationships should also be learned as a child. Everyone needs to know how every action can be a cause of a subsequent reaction. He should naturally learn this while at play.
NEWLY ADDED "
The older child should be taught the value of life before he could even start caring. He must be made aware of how to avoid dangerous situations.
ReplyDeleteThe adolescent child or young adult must be taught about Basic Life Support and his potential role at least in evaluating safe environments, finding potential help and therefore clear and effective communication skills, navigation skills to go get help and return to the site. They must learn how to properly evaluate absent/abnormal pulses and breathing. He must be aware how to evaluate for dehydration. And how to find potable or safe drinking or alternative drinking water or maybe food. If nobody finds a way to teach those, then the kid will grow up to be a very normal looking but actually dependent and frail worker who labors under a bigger provider. He looses a chance to launch his own programs and is therefore has less options, less power, less voting rights and less chances to be heard in life. There will be a big chance that he will eventually feel that life seems unfair to him when it is truly not the case.
"
The idea of leverage must also be imprinted in the mind of a child at an early age. He must see the difference between a direct proportionl return as agianst magnified returns. These can be learned through stories or games that illustrate such concepts.
You may try to visit Kiyosaki's richkidpoorkid.com website.
I will try to find more examples of these.
Creativity should be developed, Where else can you get this aside from the arts and literature. Talk to your kids. Encourage them to make their own compositions and stories. These can help them learn how to write their own future.
Of course teach them the good old values among other things.
Notice that I have tried to touch on areas that are seemingly ignored or are apparently being neglected. Too much emphasis has been given to cognitive skill development while the child's emotional, psychological, social dimensions are left unsupported. Schools are ill-equipped to handle such areas. Parents are too busy with work and collecting salaries/active income. Nurturing the child takes a second place when it should be one of the topmost priorities of people who go into marriage. It is a tough job even for me but someone has to do it.
These ideas are really messed up, I really need an editor and I wish I had time to do more research on child development. All I did was just "back engineer" what I have learned as an adult trying to play catch up with the many aspects in my life that were ignored and try my best to dissect the building blocks of those skills so that I can try to inculcate it to my daughter who is growing fast as global problems grow with her. You see I don't wanna be caught off guard by kids asking me why I planned to let them be born into this chaotic world knowing I don not have contingencies of providing them basic food and shelter needs which is what they really need aside from the small amount of money and floppy kind of education we provide for them.
In tagalog.. baka itanong sa atin... "itay o inay, bakit niyo ako binigyan ng edukasyon para sa trabao ko na may sweldo pero wala naman pala ako mabili na makakain dito sa planetang ito."
Para sa akin lang naman, nakakahiya sa kanila kasi hindi ba? As i said, this is just a wake up call. It is just a story. I made it all up. It is all in the mind ... so just relax.
"...cabbage, cauliflower, cassava, bamboo shoot when eaten excessively during the first trimester of pregnancy ...can affect the fetal brain and result to mental retardation?... has anti-thyroid properties... thyroid hormone is critical in brain development. Fetus and infants with low thyroid hormone (hypothyroid) will have cognitive deficits" (Source: Nonie Leonidas)
ReplyDelete